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Trump’s plan is what Keynes would have prescribed!
Most economic commentators such as a Nobel Laureate Paul Krugman should be delighted with the US president-elect Donald Trump’s economic plan for it is going to be along the lines of Keynesian economics.
One of Trump’s promises is a massive infrastructure spending program. According to Trump,
We are going to fix our inner cities and rebuild our highways, bridges, tunnels, airports, schools, hospitals. We’re going to rebuild our infrastructure, which will become, by the way, second to none. And we will put millions of our people to work as we rebuild it.
Mr. Trump said at one point in the campaign that he would double the $275 billion infrastructure plan that Hillary Clinton proposed. According to Trump’s plan he is also promising to create 25 million jobs over 10 years.
Trump Doubles Down on Deficit Spending
Trump has also promised tax cuts for all Americans. His plan includes lowering the rate on the highest earners from its current 39.6 percent to 33 percent and also lowering the corporate income tax rate from 35 percent to 15 percent.
Various estimates have put the cost of his tax cuts at some $6 trillion over 10 years. In addition to this Trump has also promised to boost US military spending.
It is not possible to lower taxes and raise government spending at the same time
Nothing in Trump’s plan suggests that he is aiming at generating more real wealth. His entire focus is to generate an increase in employment regardless of whether this increase in employment is in response to wealth generating activities or not.
This is quite disappointing, given Mr. Trump’s business credentials one would suppose he would understand the meaning of profitable versus non-profitable activities.
Note that Trump’s plan also suggests a lowering of taxes and a corresponding increase in government outlays. Obviously, this is a contradiction since it is not possible to effectively lower taxes without a corresponding reduction in government outlays.
The plan is likely to boost the money supply growth rate.
Following the popular way of thinking, the president-elect seems to be concerned with weak demand that the government and the central bank should focus on strengthening.
It is quite possible that Trump’s loose fiscal policy is likely to strengthen the pace of monetary pumping by lifting the government borrowings, which ultimately is going to be monetized by the US central bank.
Observe that the yearly growth rate of our monetary measure AMS is already at a lofty level standing at over 16 percent at the end of October — the highest since 1990. Note that in October last year the growth rate stood at 3.5 percent.
Trump’s Plan vs. Real Wealth
Now, whether Trump’s loose fiscal policies will “work” hinges on whether there is still something left in the “kitty” to squander — the size of the “kitty,” or the pool of real wealth remains unknown. It is not clear whether the pool of real wealth is expanding, stagnating, or declining.
Remember to activate any government plan or any investment plan real wealth must be allocated for this. So if during the execution of a plan the current infrastructure doesn’t generate an adequate flow of final goods and services the plan would have to be aborted.
Any attempt to go ahead with the plan will lead to an economic impoverishment. (Because the part of the pool of real wealth is going to be absorbed by various non-wealth generating activities, while the current infrastructure doesn’t adequately compensate for this, as a result this is going to put pressure on the overall pool of real wealth thereby weakening economic growth.)
Why the Pool of Real Wealth Could Be in Trouble
We suspect that prolonged reckless monetary policies of the US central bank, such as aggressive monetary pumping and near-zero interest rates, has likely severely curtailed the private sector’s ability to generate wealth. (Remember that loose monetary policies lead to an exchange of nothing for something.)
The removal of the link between the US dollar and gold in 1971 has given the US central bank the freedom to engage in unrestrained money printing — and strengthened the process of the erosion of the pool of real wealth. This attrition was further intensified with the onset of financial deregulations in the early 1980s, which strengthened commercial banks lending out of “thin air.”
A further damage to the pool of real wealth emerged during 2008 with the introduction of quantitative easing by the then Fed chairman Ben Bernanke to “prevent” the so-called economic depression.
It is quite possible that the pool of real wealth is currently stagnating. Hence any additional burden on the pool from massive fiscal spending could push it onto a declining trajectory.
In this scenario banks are likely to curtail their lending. This could lead to an economic collapse and in fact to price deflation.
A collapse in the monetary liquidity could force businesses to try to stave off insolvency and sell off their most liquid assets such as Treasuries thus pushing the yields sharply up. Also, the price of gold could come under pressure since most people are likely to chase cash by selling gold to prevent insolvency.
If, on the contrary, the pool of real wealth is still expanding then Trump’s loose fiscal policy and strong increases in money supply could temporarily boost “bubble” activities, price inflation and inflation expectations. This would also push, temporarily, interest rates higher.
We suggest that the artificial boost in so-called economic activity as depicted by GDP and various other economic indicators is unlikely to last for too long. After a brief period a burst in bubble activities and price deflation is likely to ensue.
Mr. Trump Has the Opportunity To Strengthen the Pool of Real Wealth
Given that the Republicans are now in charge of both Houses, the US president-elect Trump now has the opportunity to activate policies that are likely to strengthen the process of real wealth generation.
This would require imposing strict controls on the ability of the Fed to expand its balance sheet thus curtailing banks ability to expand lending out of “thin air” via the fractional reserve banking.
All this coupled with a small government is likely to leave more real wealth in the hands of wealth generators thus permitting a rapid buildup in the pool of real wealth — the engine of economic growth.
Why Profit Is the Key, and Not a Hindrance, to Economic Growth
There is no doubt that fixing roads and building bridges is necessary. But is it affordable? If the pool of real wealth is stagnating or perhaps on the verge of declining then such policies could be disastrous as we have shown above.
Some commentators suggest that we need more government fiscal stimulus now because the private sector will not undertake the building of roads and bridges. They blame the private sector for focusing solely on the aspect of profit and ignoring the well-being of the nation.
It is overlooked by these commentators that the framework of profit and loss is a framework that helps businesses to allocate scarce resources efficiently. (It informs businesses whether scarce resources are used efficiently or not.)
A profit signals that the resources are employed in line with people’s wishes and a loss signals that resources are used incorrectly.
Note that the profit-and-loss framework is just an indicator as it were — it guides businesses toward the conduct that corresponds to people’s dictates.
In this sense, ignoring this framework implies following the wishes of bureaucrats in disregard to people’s wishes, which runs contrary to the spirit of what the democratic process is all about.
Hence labeling businesses that strive to secure profits as heartless and greedy is missing the point.
Allowing the market to do the allocation of resources always leads to better results. Even the founder of the Soviet Union, Vladimir Lenin, understood this when he introduced the market mechanism (i.e., the “New Economic Policy”) for a brief period in March 1921, to restore the supply of goods and prevent economic catastrophe.
Yet for some strange reason, most experts these days cling to the view that the market cannot be trusted in difficult times.
A true free market will make sure that America will have new roads and new bridges.
It is conceivable that the buildup of the pool of real wealth is going to be accompanied by the expansion of the infrastructure such as roads and bridges. Why is that so? The process of wealth expansion by implication requires the expansion in the various forms of infrastructure, which also includes roads and bridges.
What the US requires now is less Keynesian loose fiscal policies and more of a free market orientation in order to set healthy foundations for economic growth.
Donald Trump has the opportunity to implement the so-called least “popular” policies that might be painful in the short term. This will lay the foundations for real economic growth by allowing the wealth generating process to repair itself — and benefit all the citizens in the long run.
This article was initially published on Mises.org.
“It is not possible to lower taxes and raise government spending at the same time”
1) yes, it is. Just watch;
2) this small infrastructure spend will be offset by reduced spending in other areas, so the net will be lower government spending, not raised;
3) Yes, It is. Just watch.
J.D. I agree with you. Even if the money to fix infrastructure is borrowed, it will provide good paying jobs and more tax revenue to the government. The red herring gold standard argument is foolish. The world has been on a debt based economy since the 1940’s and it has provided good standards of living for many people. Even when we were on the gold standard it only covered 40 percent of the dollars in the economy. Only the gold bugs buying and selling gold want us to go back on the gold standard, so their gold will go up in value.
“A true free market will make sure that America will have new roads and new bridges.”
When the government started the interstate highway system in 1956 it was not the so called free market that made sure of anything. It was the power of the credit and taxing authority of the U.S. government working with the state governments that made it happen. Just because dollars are created out of thin air, does not mean they do not have the power to create profit.
The failure of the federal government in the last 30 years has been not spending enough on infrastructure. Which should of been done while limiting cost growth in other areas of the budget. We are spending to much money on public education without seeing any real results. We are paying government employee’s salaries and benefits way above what the average taxpayer earns. In a 4 Trillion Dollar budget, I am sure cuts could be made where needed. A billion saved here and a billion saved there and I am sure we would not have to increase the debt. The bloated government seems to have a big problem setting the correct priorities.